ESP32 PWM Tutorial: From Basics to Advanced

A PWM signal is generated by alternating between two states: a logical high (often represented by a voltage level or logic 1) and a logical low (usually a voltage level or logic 0). The proportion of time the signal remains in the high state compared to the entire signal period is defined by the duty cycle. A higher duty cycle signifies a longer duration of the high state, while a lower duty cycle represents a shorter duration.

The ESP32 offers 16 independent PWM channels, which means you can simultaneously control up to 16 different devices or aspects of a project. These channels can be flexibly mapped to a variety of pins across the ESP32’s GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output) pins, offering exceptional versatility in project design. The flexibility of mapping PWM channels to pins is a crucial consideration during project planning. It allows developers to allocate resources efficiently, avoid pin conflicts, and optimize signal routing, ensuring that the ESP32 can meet the specific demands of a project.